An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

Question 80: How can God be one God in three persons?

Question 80: How can God be one God in three persons?

God is one in essence and three in Persons because He has revealed Himself in Scripture as a Triune God—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—distinct yet eternally united in being, will, and glory. This mystery surpasses human understanding but is not irrational; it is the revealed truth of who God is. Christians believe this because the Bible teaches it and the Church has always confessed it. (Isaiah 55:8–9, Matthew 28:19, John 14:16–17, 1 Corinthians 8:6, Ephesians 4:4–6)

Full Scripture References​

“For My thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways My ways,” declares the LORD. “As the heavens are higher than the earth, so are My ways higher than your ways and My thoughts than your thoughts.” — Isaiah 55:8–9 (BSB)

“Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.” — Matthew 28:19 (BSB)

“And I will ask the Father, and He will give you another Advocate to be with you forever—the Spirit of truth.” — John 14:16–17 (BSB)

“Yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom all things came and for whom we exist. And there is but one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things came and through whom we exist.” — 1 Corinthians 8:6 (BSB)

“There is one body and one Spirit… one Lord, one faith, one baptism; one God and Father of all…” — Ephesians 4:4–6 (BSB)

Expanded Explanation of Catechism Question

The doctrine of the Trinity—that God is one Being in three Persons—is not a logical contradiction, but a revealed mystery. We do not believe in three gods (tritheism), nor do we believe that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are merely modes or appearances of one Person (modalism). Instead, we affirm what God has made known of Himself: one divine essence eternally shared by three distinct, co-equal, and co-eternal Persons.

This truth is not constructed by reason, but received by faith, because God has revealed it in Scripture and confirmed it in the Church’s worship and doctrine. Just as light is one but can be dispersed into three primary colors, or as fire has flame, light, and heat, so God is one and yet reveals Himself as three Persons—distinct yet indivisible.

Article I of the Thirty-Nine Articles expresses it simply: “There is but one living and true God… And in unity of this Godhead there be three Persons, of one substance, power, and eternity; the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.”

J.I. Packer, an esteemed evangelical Anglican, wrote: “The Trinity is the revealed identity of God. It is not a problem to be solved, but a reality to be worshiped.”

Rev. Dr. Michael Jensen of Sydney Anglicanism says: “God is not a solitary being. From eternity, He is love because He is Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—each delighting in the other. The Trinity is the beauty of God.”

Trinitarian faith also shapes our salvation. The Father sends the Son, the Son accomplishes redemption, and the Holy Spirit applies it to believers. The unity and cooperation within the Trinity reflect perfect love and harmony, not conflict or division.

Anglican liturgy reinforces this truth at every turn. The Creeds confess it. The Gloria Patri (“Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost”) proclaims it. The Eucharist is offered to the Triune God. As the Church Fathers taught, we worship the Trinity in Unity and the Unity in Trinity—without confusing the Persons or dividing the essence.

Though we cannot fully comprehend this mystery, we can confess and rejoice in it. The God who is beyond us has come near to us, revealing Himself in truth, not to confuse us, but to bring us into communion with Him.

Early Church Fathers On Catechism Question

St. Gregory of Nazianzus (c. 329–390 AD): “No sooner do I think of the One than I am illumined by the glory of the Three; no sooner do I distinguish them than I am carried back to the One.” — Oration 40.41

Gregory affirms that the Trinity is not a contradiction but a divine harmony beyond full human grasp.

St. Augustine of Hippo (354–430 AD): “If you can comprehend it, it is not God. We believe the Trinity, not because we understand it fully, but because God has revealed it.” — Sermon 117

Augustine insists that God’s self-revelation transcends but does not oppose reason.

St. Basil the Great (c. 329–379 AD): “We confess one essence and three Persons—not blending the Persons nor dividing the nature.” — On the Holy Spirit, 18

Basil carefully distinguishes between unity of being and plurality of Persons.

St. Athanasius (c. 296–373 AD): “The Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit is God. They are not three gods, but one God, of one essence and indivisible.” — Letters to Serapion

Athanasius offers one of the clearest early expositions of Trinitarian orthodoxy.

An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

An Anglican Catechism (Expanded) offers over 350+ Scripture-based answers to the core truths of the Christian faith. Each entry includes biblical texts, theological insight, and reflections from historic and contemporary Anglican voices. Rooted in the classical tradition, it is designed for teaching, discipleship, and spiritual formation.

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