An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

Question 39: What does it mean to say that God is eternal?

Question 39: What does it mean to say that God is eternal?

To say that God is eternal means He has no beginning and no end, existing outside of time and unchanging through all ages. He is the everlasting Lord, the same yesterday, today, and forever, who holds all time in His hands. (Psalm 90:2, Isaiah 40:28, Revelation 1:8, Hebrews 13:8, 2 Peter 3:8)

Full Scripture References​

“Before the mountains were born or You brought forth the earth and the world, from everlasting to everlasting You are God.” — Psalm 90:2 (BSB)

“Do you not know? Have you not heard? The LORD is the everlasting God, the Creator of the ends of the earth. He will never grow tired or weary; His understanding is beyond searching out.” — Isaiah 40:28 (BSB)

“‘I am the Alpha and the Omega,’ says the Lord God, who is and was and is to come—the Almighty.” — Revelation 1:8 (BSB)

“Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.” — Hebrews 13:8 (BSB)

“Beloved, do not let this one thing escape your notice: With the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like a day.” — 2 Peter 3:8 (BSB)

Expanded Explanation of Catechism Question

To say that God is eternal means that He has always existed and will never cease to exist. He is not bound by time as we are—He is the Creator of time and exists beyond it. Time has no hold on God. There was never a moment when He was not, nor will there ever be a moment when He is not. As Psalm 90:2 says, He is “from everlasting to everlasting,” utterly unique in His eternal nature.

This truth provides great comfort and security to believers. The world changes, kingdoms rise and fall, people are born and die—but God remains the same. He is not aging, growing, or developing. He is fully perfect, complete, and unchanging. This is why Hebrews 13:8 says, “Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.” The eternity of God ensures His faithfulness and makes Him a sure foundation for all who trust in Him.

The Thirty-Nine Articles, in Article I, declare that God is “everlasting,” meaning He stands outside of all decay and limitation. In worship, the Book of Common Prayer refers to God as “the Lord of time and eternity.” Because God is eternal, His promises are sure, His purposes are unshakable, and His kingdom is without end. His eternality is not just a theological truth—it is the anchor of our hope.

The Rt. Rev. J.C. Ryle once said, “The eternity of God is one of the most comforting doctrines in the Bible. He was before the world began, and He will remain when it has passed away.” In an age marked by uncertainty and brevity, the eternity of God reassures us that our lives are held in the hands of the One who is never hurried, never surprised, and never gone. His eternal nature is the bedrock of our trust.

Moreover, God’s eternity reveals His patience and mercy. As 2 Peter 3:8 teaches, God’s perspective on time is not like ours—what seems long to us is but a moment to Him. This is why He patiently calls sinners to repentance and why His purposes unfold over generations. To believe in an eternal God is to trust not only in His everlasting presence but also in His sovereign wisdom over all of history.

Early Church Fathers On Catechism Question

St. Irenaeus of Lyons (c. 130–202 AD) wrote: “God alone is eternal and uncreated, the source of all things. Time flows from Him, but He is above all time.” — Against Heresies, 2.34.3

Irenaeus understood God’s eternity as foundational to His divine uniqueness and sovereignty.

Origen of Alexandria (c. 184–253 AD) said: “God’s nature is timeless. He is beyond every measure, before every beginning, and after every end.” — On First Principles, 1.1.6

Origen highlighted God’s complete transcendence over time and created order.

St. Athanasius (c. 296–373 AD) declared: “God exists always, and there was never a time when He was not. He is eternal by nature.” — Against the Arians, 1.4

Athanasius defended God’s eternity as essential to His divine nature and opposed any view that made God subject to time.

St. Augustine of Hippo (354–430 AD) reflected: “Your years do not come and go, but stand all at once. All time passes away, but You remain forever.” — Confessions, 11.13

Augustine saw God’s eternity not as endless time, but as timeless fullness of being.

St. Gregory the Great (c. 540–604 AD) wrote: “In comparison to God’s eternity, all things that pass are like shadows. He alone remains unshaken.” — Moral Reflections on Job, 27.5

Gregory contrasted the fleeting nature of the world with the permanence of God’s eternal being.

An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

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