An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

Question 362: What is citizenship in the Christian life?

Question 362: What is citizenship in the Christian life?

Citizenship in the Christian life means living faithfully as both a citizen of heaven and a responsible member of earthly society. While my ultimate allegiance is to God’s kingdom, I am called to honor human authorities, seek the good of my community, uphold justice, and act with integrity. As a Christian, I live as a pilgrim and ambassador, bearing witness to Christ in the public square while awaiting the fulfillment of His eternal kingdom. (Philippians 3:20, Romans 13:1–2, Jeremiah 29:7, 1 Peter 2:13–17, Matthew 22:21)

Full Scripture References​

“But our citizenship is in heaven, and we eagerly await a Savior from there, the Lord Jesus Christ…” – Philippians 3:20 (BSB)

“Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which is from God… Consequently, whoever rebels against authority is opposing what God has instituted…” – Romans 13:1–2 (BSB)

“Seek the peace and prosperity of the city to which I have carried you into exile. Pray to the LORD on its behalf, for if it prospers, you too will prosper.” – Jeremiah 29:7 (BSB)

“Submit yourselves for the Lord’s sake to every human institution… Honor everyone. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honor the king.” – 1 Peter 2:13, 17 (BSB)

“Then Jesus said to them, ‘Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s.’” – Matthew 22:21 (BSB)

Expanded Explanation of Catechism Question

Christians are citizens of two realms: the kingdom of heaven and the nations in which we live. Our highest allegiance is to Christ the King, but we are also called to live honorably and peaceably in the world. Bishop Charlie Masters (ANiC, Diocese of the Living Word) writes, “The Christian is both a pilgrim and a neighbor—he looks to the city to come, while seeking the good of the city he is in.” (Heavenly Citizenship and Earthly Duty, 2022)

Citizenship in the Christian life means fulfilling our responsibilities as lawful members of society—obeying just laws, paying taxes, voting conscientiously, and working for the welfare of our communities. Fr. Isaac Rehberg (ACNA, All Saints San Antonio, TX) explains, “Our heavenly citizenship never exempts us from earthly responsibility. Rather, it compels us to serve with integrity, humility, and justice.” (Serving in Two Kingdoms, 2021)

Yet our obedience to earthly authorities is not without limit. When human laws conflict with God’s commands, we must obey God rather than men. Fr. Caleb Evans (Anglican Orthodox Church, St. Stephen’s Mission, GA) teaches, “The Christian honors Caesar until Caesar demands what belongs to God. Our loyalty is first and last to Christ.” (The Courage of the Kingdom, 2020)

Christian citizenship also involves witness. We live publicly as disciples of Jesus—in our speech, our conduct, and our convictions. Fr. Thomas Buchan (Anglican Union, St. Mark’s Anglican Church, VA) writes, “To be a citizen of heaven is not to withdraw from the world but to live in it with truth, love, and hope. We are ambassadors of Christ in every nation.” (Public Discipleship, 2021)

Canon George Grant (ACNA, Parish Presbyterian Church, TN) adds, “Our earthly citizenship is temporary, but meaningful. We must never idolize the nation, nor despise it—but seek its good with gospel clarity and eternal perspective.” (Recovering Anglican Piety, 2019)

Early Church Fathers On Catechism Question

“We have one city, the heavenly Jerusalem; yet while on earth, let us live with peace among men, as exiles who bless their host country.” – Augustine of Hippo, The City of God, c. 426 AD

“The Christian obeys rulers not for fear, but for conscience. Yet if they command what is evil, he must obey God.” – Basil the Great, Homily on Justice and Law, c. 370 AD

“Let the Christian be known not by rebellion, but by righteousness. In honoring the law, he honors the Lord—unless the law denies the Lord.” – John Chrysostom, Homily on Romans 13, c. 390 AD

“The faithful live in every city as citizens, yet their true homeland is above. They love all, and are persecuted by all, for they are not of this world.” – Epistle to Diognetus, Anonymous, c. 2nd century AD

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