An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

Question 349: What is sanctification?

Question 349: What is sanctification?

Sanctification is the gracious work of the Holy Spirit by which I am made holy, increasingly conformed to the likeness of Jesus Christ. It begins at my new birth and continues throughout my life as I grow in faith, obedience, and love. Unlike justification, which is a one-time declaration, sanctification is a lifelong process in which sin is put to death and righteousness is cultivated, through God’s Word, prayer, sacraments, and the fellowship of the Church. (1 Thessalonians 4:3, Romans 6:22, 2 Corinthians 3:18, John 17:17, Philippians 1:6)

Full Scripture References​

“For this is the will of God, your sanctification: that you abstain from sexual immorality…” – 1 Thessalonians 4:3 (BSB)

“But now that you have been set free from sin and have become slaves to God, the fruit you reap leads to holiness, and the outcome is eternal life.” – Romans 6:22 (BSB)

“And we, who with unveiled faces all reflect the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into His image with intensifying glory, which comes from the Lord, who is the Spirit.” – 2 Corinthians 3:18 (BSB)

“Sanctify them by the truth; Your word is truth.” – John 17:17 (BSB)

“…being confident of this, that He who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus.” – Philippians 1:6 (BSB)

Expanded Explanation of Catechism Question

Sanctification is the process by which God makes us holy. It flows from justification and is empowered by the presence of the Holy Spirit. Though we are declared righteous in Christ at conversion, sanctification is the ongoing transformation of our character and conduct to reflect Christ’s holiness. Bishop Charlie Masters (ANiC, Diocese of the Living Word) writes, “Sanctification is not about achieving perfection on our own—it is about yielding to the Spirit, who molds us into the image of Christ, day by day.” (Growing into Holiness, 2022)

This process involves both God’s initiative and our cooperation. Fr. Isaac Rehberg (ACNA, All Saints San Antonio, TX) explains, “Sanctification is synergistic—it is God’s grace working in us, and our faithful response through obedience, worship, and repentance. It is not passive but participatory.” (The Work of Holiness, 2021)

The Word of God is central to sanctification. Jesus prayed, “Sanctify them by the truth; Your word is truth.” The Scriptures renew the mind, convict the heart, and shape our lives. Fr. Caleb Evans (Anglican Orthodox Church, St. Stephen’s Mission, GA) teaches, “To be sanctified is to let God’s Word dwell in you richly, guiding your desires, thoughts, and actions.” (Living by the Word of Truth, 2020)

The sacraments, especially the Eucharist, nourish and strengthen us for holy living. Through confession, self-examination, worship, and the life of the Church, we are formed more fully into Christ’s likeness. Fr. Thomas Buchan (Anglican Union, St. Mark’s Anglican Church, VA) writes, “The altar is not just where we receive forgiveness—it’s where we are fed for the journey of sanctification. God’s grace shapes us as we walk with Him.” (Sanctification and the Sacramental Life, 2021)

Canon George Grant (ACNA, Parish Presbyterian Church, TN) adds, “Sanctification is not about sin management—it is about heart transformation. It is slow, often hidden, but always real. Every act of obedience, every moment of prayer, every temptation resisted—these are the tools God uses to make us holy.” (Recovering Anglican Piety, 2019)

Early Church Fathers On Catechism Question

“To be sanctified is to be set apart for God, not only in name but in truth. Let your life be the altar upon which the Lord’s holiness is displayed.” – Augustine of Hippo, On the Spirit and the Letter, c. 412 AD

“The soul is shaped by what it loves. To be sanctified is to love what is holy and to hate what is evil.” – Basil the Great, Homily on Holiness, c. 370 AD

“Sanctification is the work of the Spirit, making us vessels fit for the Master’s use. It is daily, gradual, and glorious.” – John Chrysostom, Homily on Romans 6, c. 390 AD

“Let us strive to be as temples of the Spirit, clean, prayerful, and obedient. For the sanctified life is the foretaste of heaven.” – Cyprian of Carthage, On the Discipline of the Righteous, c. 250 AD

An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

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