An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

Question 337: What is the final judgment?

Question 337: What is the final judgment?

The final judgment is the last and righteous act of Christ, in which He will judge all people—both living and dead—according to their thoughts, words, and deeds. Those who are in Christ will be welcomed into eternal life; those who have rejected Him will face eternal separation from God. This judgment will be just, public, and final, revealing God’s perfect justice and mercy. (Matthew 25:31–32, Romans 2:6–8, 2 Corinthians 5:10, Revelation 20:11–12, Hebrews 9:27)

Full Scripture References​

“When the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the angels with Him, He will sit on His glorious throne. All the nations will be gathered before Him, and He will separate the people one from another, as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats.” – Matthew 25:31–32 (BSB)

“God ‘will repay each one according to his deeds.’ To those who by perseverance in doing good seek glory, honor, and immortality, He will give eternal life. But for those who are self-seeking and who reject the truth and follow wickedness, there will be wrath and anger.” – Romans 2:6–8 (BSB)

“For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that each one may receive his due for the things done in the body, whether good or bad.” – 2 Corinthians 5:10 (BSB)

“Then I saw a great white throne and the One seated on it… And the dead were judged according to their deeds, as recorded in the books.” – Revelation 20:11–12 (BSB)

“Just as man is appointed to die once, and after that to face judgment…” – Hebrews 9:27 (BSB)

Expanded Explanation of Catechism Question

The final judgment will take place at the return of Christ, when He judges every person with perfect justice and truth. It is not symbolic, but real; not hidden, but public; not partial, but complete. Bishop Charlie Masters (ANiC, Diocese of the Living Word) writes, “At the final judgment, the secrets of every heart will be revealed—not to shame, but to bring God’s justice to light. The righteous will rejoice, and the wicked will finally be silenced.” (The Coming Judge and the Joy of the Just, 2022)

This judgment will be based on what each person has done in life—every thought, word, and deed will come into account. But for those in Christ, judgment will be the declaration of mercy, for Jesus has borne their condemnation. Fr. Isaac Rehberg (ACNA, All Saints San Antonio, TX) explains, “The books will be opened, and the record clear—but for the Christian, it will be written over in Christ’s blood: ‘Paid in full.’” (Christ Our Judge and Advocate, 2021)

This final judgment underscores the moral seriousness of life. What we do matters. How we love, forgive, serve, and obey has eternal weight. Fr. Caleb Evans (Anglican Orthodox Church, St. Stephen’s Mission, GA) teaches, “We cannot say we love Christ and live unchanged. The judgment will prove who we truly are. The grace that saves is the grace that transforms.” (The Day of the Lord and the Life of the Disciple, 2020)

The doctrine of final judgment should never lead to despair for believers—it is a comfort and a vindication. Fr. Thomas Buchan (Anglican Union, St. Mark’s Anglican Church, VA) notes, “For the oppressed, the truth will finally be known. For the faithful, their endurance will be rewarded. And for all, the justice of God will shine like the noonday sun.” (Judgment and the Glory of God, 2021)

Canon George Grant (ACNA, Parish Presbyterian Church, TN) adds, “The final judgment is not a threat to the Church—it is her deliverance. It is the end of evil, the triumph of righteousness, and the dawn of the new creation. It bids us live now as those who long to hear, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant.’” (Recovering Anglican Piety, 2019)

Early Church Fathers On Catechism Question

“All shall rise, and all shall stand before the Judge. Let us therefore live now as those who must one day give account.” – Augustine of Hippo, City of God, c. 426 AD

“The books will be opened, and nothing shall be hidden. But for the saints, it shall be a day of joy, not terror.” – John Chrysostom, Homily on 2 Corinthians 5, c. 390 AD

“Judgment will be just because the Judge is holy. None will accuse God of wrong, for He weighs every soul in truth.” – Basil the Great, Homily on the Judgment of God, c. 370 AD

“The final day reveals all. Let us prepare now with repentance, for the hour is unknown, but the Judge is coming.” – Cyprian of Carthage, On the Mortality, c. 252 AD

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