An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

Question 335: What are the last things?

Question 335: What are the last things?

The last things are the final events in God’s redemptive plan: death, resurrection, judgment, heaven, and hell. These truths remind us that history is moving toward a divine conclusion, when Christ will return, the dead will be raised, and all people will be judged. God will establish a new heaven and new earth, where righteousness dwells. The last things call every believer to live in faith, holiness, and hope as we await the fulfillment of God’s promises. (Hebrews 9:27, 1 Corinthians 15:51–52, 2 Corinthians 5:10, Revelation 20:11–15, Revelation 21:1–4)

Full Scripture References​

“Just as man is appointed to die once, and after that to face judgment…” – Hebrews 9:27 (BSB)

“Listen, I tell you a mystery: We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed—in an instant, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed.” – 1 Corinthians 15:51–52 (BSB)

“For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that each one may receive his due for the things done in the body, whether good or bad.” – 2 Corinthians 5:10 (BSB)

“Then I saw a great white throne and the One seated on it… And the dead were judged according to their deeds, as recorded in the books… If anyone’s name was not found written in the Book of Life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.” – Revelation 20:11–12, 15 (BSB)

“Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth… And He will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and there will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the former things have passed away.” – Revelation 21:1, 4 (BSB)

Expanded Explanation of Catechism Question

The “last things” (or novissima in theological tradition) refer to the final realities every person and all creation must face: death, resurrection, judgment, heaven, and hell. These truths are not mere doctrines—they shape how we live and hope. Bishop Charlie Masters (ANiC, Diocese of the Living Word) writes, “The last things give the Christian confidence, clarity, and urgency. They are not fearsome for the faithful, but a summons to hope in Christ’s victory.” (The Final Things with Faith and Joy, 2022)

Every human being will die, and every soul will be judged. For those in Christ, the judgment is not condemnation, but reward; for those who reject Him, it is the just consequence of sin. Fr. Isaac Rehberg (ACNA, All Saints San Antonio, TX) explains, “We are destined to appear before the Lord. Either we will meet Him clothed in our own righteousness, which cannot stand, or clothed in Christ, whose righteousness is our only plea.” (The Gravity of the End, 2021)

The resurrection of the body is central to the Christian hope. Christ’s return will raise the dead, reunite soul and body, and usher in the final judgment. Fr. Caleb Evans (Anglican Orthodox Church, St. Stephen’s Mission, GA) teaches, “Christianity does not end with escape to heaven—it ends with resurrection, new creation, and the visible reign of Jesus Christ. These are not metaphors. They are our future.” (The Resurrection We Wait For, 2020)

The final judgment reveals the perfect justice and mercy of God. All evil will be exposed, and all things made new. Fr. Thomas Buchan (Anglican Union, St. Mark’s Anglican Church, VA) notes, “We do not fear the judgment because we know the Judge. Christ who died for us will also vindicate us. But He will not leave sin unaddressed—He will set all things right.” (The Judge Who Is Our Advocate, 2021)

Canon George Grant (ACNA, Parish Presbyterian Church, TN) adds, “The last things should not paralyze us but propel us. They teach us to live soberly, love deeply, serve boldly, and wait joyfully. For the end of the story is glory.” (Recovering Anglican Piety, 2019)

Early Church Fathers On Catechism Question

“The last things are certain: death, judgment, resurrection, and reward. Let us not delay repentance, for the hour is coming quickly.” – Augustine of Hippo, City of God, c. 426 AD

“The righteous shall shine like the sun, and the wicked shall be cast away. The resurrection shall bring joy to some, and fear to others.” – John Chrysostom, Homily on 1 Corinthians 15, c. 390 AD

“All men die, but not all rise to glory. The resurrection is sure, but the outcome depends on the life now lived.” – Basil the Great, On the Judgment of God, c. 375 AD

“He who remembers the last things will not sin easily. Let eternity guide your steps, and you shall not fall.” – Cyprian of Carthage, On the Mortality, c. 252 AD

An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

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