An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

Question 324: What is evil?

Question 324: What is evil?

Evil is the willful rebellion against God’s good and holy will, expressed in thoughts, words, actions, or systems that oppose His truth and love. It includes both moral evil (sin) and natural evil (suffering and disorder in the world). Though God is not the author of evil, He permits it for a time to accomplish His greater purposes. Evil is defeated in Christ and will ultimately be destroyed in the final judgment. (Genesis 6:5, Isaiah 5:20, Matthew 15:19, Romans 8:20–21, Revelation 21:4)

Full Scripture References​

“Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great upon the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was altogether evil all the time.” – Genesis 6:5 (BSB)

“Woe to those who call evil good and good evil, who turn darkness into light and light into darkness, who replace bitter with sweet and sweet with bitter.” – Isaiah 5:20 (BSB)

“For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, and slander.” – Matthew 15:19 (BSB)

“For the creation was subjected to futility, not by its own will, but because of the One who subjected it, in hope that the creation itself will be set free from its bondage to decay and brought into the glorious freedom of the children of God.” – Romans 8:20–21 (BSB)

“He will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and there will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the former things have passed away.” – Revelation 21:4 (BSB)

Expanded Explanation of Catechism Question

Evil is the distortion of God’s good creation and the defiance of His holy will. It began with the rebellion of Satan and entered the human world through Adam’s fall. Fr. Isaac Rehberg (ACNA, All Saints San Antonio, TX) explains, “Evil is not a thing created by God—it is a parasite, a twisting of what was good. It arises when created wills turn against the Creator.” (God and the Problem of Evil, 2021)

There are two forms of evil: moral and natural. Moral evil arises from human choice—sin, injustice, violence, and rebellion against God. Natural evil refers to the brokenness in creation—disease, disaster, decay—which is the result of sin’s curse. Bishop Dan Gifford (ANiC, Diocese of Western Canada and Alaska) writes, “All evil is rooted in the fall, but none is outside God’s sovereign reach. He does not cause evil, but He limits, overrules, and ultimately defeats it.” (Evil, Providence, and Hope, 2022)

The Bible shows that God often uses evil to bring about His purposes—even as He condemns it. Joseph told his brothers, “You meant it for evil, but God meant it for good.” Fr. Caleb Evans (Anglican Orthodox Church, St. Stephen’s Mission, GA) notes, “God brings light out of darkness—not by denying evil, but by defeating it through the Cross.” (The Justice of the Lamb, 2020)

Evil has already been conquered in principle by Christ’s death and resurrection. Fr. Thomas Buchan (Anglican Union, St. Mark’s Anglican Church, VA) writes, “On the cross, Christ bore evil’s weight and broke its power. Though evil still lingers, its defeat is sure. One day it will be no more.” (The Cross and Cosmic Victory, 2021)

Canon George Grant (ACNA, Parish Presbyterian Church, TN) adds, “Christians are called to oppose evil—not with hatred, but with holiness. We resist by living in the truth, loving the good, and walking in the light of Christ.” (Recovering Anglican Piety, 2019)

Early Church Fathers On Catechism Question

“Evil is not a substance but a defect. It is the absence of the good, just as darkness is the absence of light.” – Augustine of Hippo, Enchiridion on Faith, Hope, and Love, c. 420 AD

“God permits evil for the sake of free will, but He will judge and redeem. None shall escape His justice.” – Basil the Great, On the Judgment of God, c. 375 AD

“Do not be overcome by the sight of evil. Christ has overcome the world—your task is to follow Him faithfully.” – Cyprian of Carthage, Letters to the Church, c. 250 AD

“Evil entered through the misuse of will. But the remedy is found in Christ, who conquered through obedience.” – John Chrysostom, Homily on Romans 5, c. 390 AD

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