An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

Question 302: What is justice?

Question 302: What is justice?

Justice is the moral virtue that gives to God and to others what is rightly due. It reflects God’s righteousness and calls me to act with fairness, truthfulness, and integrity in all relationships. Justice includes honoring God’s commands, defending the vulnerable, and promoting what is good. In Christ, justice is both fulfilled and made possible in my life. (Micah 6:8, Deuteronomy 16:20, Proverbs 21:3, Matthew 23:23, Romans 13:7)

Full Scripture References​

“He has shown you, O man, what is good; and what does the LORD require of you but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?” – Micah 6:8 (BSB)

“Justice, and only justice, you shall pursue, so that you may live and possess the land that the LORD your God is giving you.” – Deuteronomy 16:20 (BSB)

“To do righteousness and justice is more desirable to the LORD than sacrifice.” – Proverbs 21:3 (BSB)

“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You pay tithes of mint, dill, and cumin, but you have neglected the more important matters of the law: justice, mercy, and faithfulness.” – Matthew 23:23 (BSB)

“Pay everyone what you owe him: taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, and honor to whom honor is due.” – Romans 13:7 (BSB)

Expanded Explanation of Catechism Question

Justice is one of the cardinal virtues, rooted in the very character of God. It involves rendering what is right and fair—toward God in worship and obedience, and toward others in truthfulness, respect, and charity. Bishop Stephen Leung (ANiC, Diocese of Western Canada and Alaska) writes, “Justice is love applied to community. It is the virtue that ensures that mercy is not sentimental and that holiness is not abstract.” (Living the Virtues of the Kingdom, 2021)

Justice in the biblical sense includes both individual righteousness and social responsibility. Fr. Isaac Rehberg (ACNA, All Saints San Antonio, TX) teaches, “To be just is to reflect God’s order and goodness in all things—to speak truth, keep promises, defend the weak, and live with integrity.” (Moral Theology for Anglicans, 2020)

Justice begins with giving God His due—worship, reverence, obedience. From there it flows outward: honoring others as bearers of His image, respecting lawful authority, and seeking the good of neighbor over self. Canon George Grant (ACNA, Parish Presbyterian Church, TN) explains, “Justice is not a political slogan—it is a theological virtue. It requires that we conform our actions to the revealed will of God.” (Recovering Anglican Piety, 2019)

In Christ, we see perfect justice fulfilled. His cross is where God’s justice and mercy meet. As His followers, we are called to imitate this balance: upholding what is right while acting in humility and compassion. Fr. Matthew Munn (ACNA, Church of the Redeemer, NC) writes, “Justice without love becomes harsh; love without justice becomes hollow. But in Christ, the two are reconciled.” (The Virtue of Christlikeness, 2022)

Bishop Charlie Masters (ANiC, Diocese of the Living Word) concludes, “True justice is not merely legal—it is relational. It restores, heals, and protects. When we walk justly, we show the world what the kingdom of God looks like.” (Justice and the Gospel Life, 2023)

Early Church Fathers On Catechism Question

“Justice is to give each his due—God first, then neighbor. It is the foundation of order and peace.” – Augustine of Hippo, City of God, c. 426 AD

“Let justice be joined with mercy, that your righteousness may be like God’s—strong, yet full of grace.” – John Chrysostom, Homily on Matthew, c. 390 AD

“Justice is not partial; it does not flatter the strong or forget the poor. It speaks truth and walks humbly.” – Basil the Great, Moral Rules, c. 375 AD

“He who acts justly reveals the image of God in man. For the Lord delights in righteousness and truth.” – Cyprian of Carthage, On the Works and Alms, c. 250 AD

An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

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