An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

Question 280: How did Jesus summarize the Ten Commandments?

Question 280: How did Jesus summarize the Ten Commandments?

Jesus summarized the Ten Commandments by teaching that all the Law and the Prophets depend on two great commandments: to love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, and mind, and to love your neighbor as yourself. These two commandments reveal that true obedience flows from love—love for God and love for others. (Matthew 22:37–40, Mark 12:29–31, Romans 13:9–10, Galatians 5:14)

Full Scripture References​

Jesus declared, “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’ This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.” – Matthew 22:37–40 (BSB)

Jesus replied, “This is the most important: ‘Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One. Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.’ The second is this: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ No other commandment is greater than these.” – Mark 12:29–31 (BSB)

“The commandments: ‘Do not commit adultery,’ ‘Do not murder,’ ‘Do not steal,’ ‘Do not covet,’ and any other commandment, are summed up in this one decree: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ Love does no wrong to its neighbor. Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law.” – Romans 13:9–10 (BSB)

“The entire law is fulfilled in a single decree: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’” – Galatians 5:14 (BSB)

Expanded Explanation of Catechism Question

Jesus summarized the Ten Commandments by identifying their true foundation: love. The first four commandments relate to our love for God—worshiping Him alone, honoring His name, and setting apart the Sabbath for His glory. The last six flow from that love, expressing itself in how we treat others. Bishop Julian Dobbs (ACNA, Diocese of the Living Word) teaches, “Jesus did not abolish the law; He revealed its true heart. The commandments are not mere rules, but relational directives shaped by love.” (Sermon on Law and Grace, 2021)

By quoting from Deuteronomy 6 and Leviticus 19, Jesus affirmed the enduring unity of Scripture and clarified the inner purpose of God’s law. Fr. Thomas Buchan (Anglican Union, St. Mark’s Anglican Church, VA) explains, “When we love rightly—first God, then neighbor—we fulfill the law in spirit and truth. Every commandment is a lesson in how to love well.” (Catechesis for Life and Faithfulness, 2022)

Jesus’ summary also exposes our deep need for grace. Bishop Joel Waweru (GAFCON, Diocese of Nairobi) notes, “To love with all our heart is impossible in our own strength. The law shows us our sin, and Christ shows us the way of love through the power of the Spirit.” (GAFCON Gospel and Law Conference, 2019) It is through Christ that our obedience becomes not a burden but a joy.

The Anglican tradition recognizes this dual commandment as central to Christian ethics. Canon George Grant (ACNA, Parish Presbyterian Church, TN) writes, “We are not free to redefine love—we are called to practice it according to God’s revealed will. The Decalogue teaches us what love looks like in action.” (Recovering Anglican Piety, 2018)

Fr. Isaac Rehberg (ACNA, All Saints San Antonio, TX) adds, “The summary of the law doesn’t replace the commandments—it explains them. If we want to know what love is, we look to the Ten Words that God Himself spoke.” (Anglican Theology and Christian Obedience, 2020)

Early Church Fathers On Catechism Question

“Love, and do what you will. For when love fills the soul, it cannot sin. Love is the fulfilling of the law.” – Augustine of Hippo, Homily on 1 John, c. 410 AD

“The commandments are many, but the end is one: love. When love rules the heart, righteousness flows from it like water from a spring.” – John Chrysostom, Homily on Romans, c. 390 AD

“The Lord taught us that love is the root of all virtue. From love springs obedience, peace, and holiness.” – Origen, On First Principles, c. 220 AD

“To love God is to keep His commandments; to love man is to act in mercy and justice. Both form one true worship.” – Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies, c. 180 AD

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