An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

Question 177: Who are the ministers of the Church?

Question 177: Who are the ministers of the Church?

The ministers of the Church are all baptized believers, who share in Christ’s ministry as members of His Body. Among them, God calls some to serve in ordained roles as bishops, priests (or presbyters), and deacons. These ministers are set apart by the Church to preach the Word, administer the Sacraments, shepherd the faithful, and serve in Christ’s name. (Ephesians 4:11–13, 1 Peter 2:9, Acts 6:3–6, 1 Timothy 3:1–13)

Full Scripture References​

“And He gave some to be apostles, some to be prophets, some to be evangelists, and some to be pastors and teachers, to equip the saints for works of ministry and to build up the body of Christ…” — Ephesians 4:11–12 (BSB)

“But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession, to proclaim the virtues of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvelous light.” — 1 Peter 2:9 (BSB)

“Therefore, brothers, select from among you seven men of good repute, full of the Spirit and wisdom… They presented these men to the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.” — Acts 6:3, 6 (BSB)

“If anyone aspires to be an overseer, he desires a noble task… Deacons likewise must be dignified… holding to the mystery of the faith with a clear conscience.” — 1 Timothy 3:1, 8–9 (BSB)

Expanded Explanation of Catechism Question

The Church’s ministers include every baptized Christian, since all believers share in the royal priesthood of Christ and are called to serve God in the world. However, the Church also recognizes three distinct orders of ordained ministry—bishops, priests, and deacons—set apart through prayer and the laying on of hands to serve in particular ways.

Bishops are the successors of the apostles, entrusted with oversight of the Church, guarding doctrine, ordaining clergy, and shepherding the people of God. Priests (or presbyters) serve under bishops to preach the Gospel, celebrate the Sacraments, teach the faith, and care for souls. Deacons assist in service, compassion, and proclamation, modeling Christ’s servant-hearted ministry.

Canon Dr. Joel Scandrett (Trinity School for Ministry) writes, “All ministry begins in baptism, but ordained ministers are entrusted with particular authority to serve, teach, and shepherd in the name of Christ and His Church.”

Bishop Stewart Ruch (Diocese of the Upper Midwest, ACNA) explains, “Ordained ministry is not about status—it’s about sacrifice. The minister leads by following Christ more deeply and serving more humbly.”

The 1662 Book of Common Prayer clearly defines these three orders in the Ordinal, describing bishops as “chief pastors,” priests as those who “preach the Word of God and administer the Holy Sacraments,” and deacons as those who “serve the poor and needy in the name of the Lord.”

J.C. Ryle, himself a bishop, wrote, “Ordained ministers are not mediators, but messengers. They are stewards of the Gospel, called to feed the flock, protect the truth, and bear witness to Christ with their lives.” (Knots Untied, 1874)

Archbishop Foley Beach (ACNA) has said, “The Church needs both faithful lay people and faithful ordained leaders. Each has a role in God’s mission—and when they work together, the Body of Christ thrives.”

The ministers of the Church glorify Christ by building up His Body, proclaiming His Word, and serving His people. Their calling is to reflect His truth, love, and holiness to the world.

Early Church Fathers On Catechism Question

St. Clement of Rome (c. 96 AD): “Christ was sent by God, and the apostles by Christ. The apostles appointed bishops and deacons for the future ministry of the Church.” — 1 Clement, 42.1–4

St. Ignatius of Antioch (c. 110 AD): “Where the bishop is, there is the Church. Let all respect the bishop, as Jesus Christ, and the presbyters as the apostles.” — Letter to the Smyrnaeans, 8

St. Cyprian of Carthage (c. 200–258 AD): “The bishop is in the Church, and the Church in the bishop. Let none think he stands apart who stands not with the bishop.” — Letter 66

St. Augustine of Hippo (354–430 AD): “Ministers are not masters, but servants. They must feed the sheep, not fleece them; preach Christ, not themselves.” — Sermon 46

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