An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

Question 130: What is the inward and spiritual grace in Baptism?

Question 130: What is the inward and spiritual grace in Baptism?

The inward and spiritual grace in Baptism is union with Christ in His death and resurrection, forgiveness of sins, new birth by the Holy Spirit, and incorporation into the Body of Christ. Through Baptism, God adopts us as His children and makes us members of His covenant family. (Romans 6:3–4, Titus 3:5, Galatians 3:27–28, 1 Corinthians 12:13, Colossians 2:12–13)

Full Scripture References​

“Do you not know that all of us who were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? We were therefore buried with Him through baptism into death… so that just as Christ was raised from the dead… we too may walk in newness of life.” — Romans 6:3–4 (BSB)

“He saved us, not by righteous deeds we had done, but according to His mercy, through the washing of new birth and renewal by the Holy Spirit.” — Titus 3:5 (BSB)

“For all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.” — Galatians 3:27–28 (BSB)

“For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, slave or free, and we were all given one Spirit to drink.” — 1 Corinthians 12:13 (BSB)

“Having been buried with Him in baptism and raised with Him through your faith in the power of God, who raised Him from the dead. When you were dead in your trespasses… God made you alive with Christ.” — Colossians 2:12–13 (BSB)

Expanded Explanation of Catechism Question

The inward and spiritual grace in Baptism is the actual work of God in the soul of the believer. It is union with Jesus Christ—sharing in His death to sin and His resurrection to new life. In Baptism, God grants forgiveness of sins, the regenerating power of the Holy Spirit, and adoption into His family. It is not only a sign of what God promises, but a means by which that promise is applied to the believer through faith.

Baptism is the beginning of the Christian life. It marks the believer as belonging to Christ and sets him apart from the world. Though the water is seen, the Spirit is the one who acts invisibly—raising the spiritually dead, cleansing the conscience, and incorporating the baptized person into the living Body of Christ, the Church.

Article XXVII of the Thirty-Nine Articles affirms that Baptism is “a sign of Regeneration or New-Birth,” and that it is “an instrument whereby they that receive Baptism rightly are grafted into the Church.” This means that God truly imparts spiritual grace in Baptism when it is received with faith, whether by adults or children being brought up in the covenant.

Bishop J.C. Ryle wrote, “Let it be clearly understood that the grace of Baptism is not tied to the moment it is administered, but that it is truly given when the promise is believed. The water does not save, but God saves through the sign, in His time and by His Spirit” (Knots Untied, 1874).

Rev. Dr. Joel Scandrett (Trinity School for Ministry) explains, “The grace of Baptism is participation in the death and resurrection of Christ. It is more than a symbol—it is a sacramental act by which the Spirit joins us to Christ and begins our life in Him” (Anglican Catechism in Depth, 2020).

Canon Dr. John Yates III (Falls Church Anglican, ACNA) teaches, “In Baptism, God claims us as His own, forgives our sin, and pours out His Spirit. The gift is offered in full—but it must be received and lived out by faith” (Catechesis Forum, 2021).

Archbishop Stephen Kaziimba (Church of Uganda) states, “Through Baptism, we are born again, not by our effort, but by the mercy of God. We are united to Christ, filled with the Spirit, and brought into a new family—the Church” (Pastoral Letter, 2022).

Thus, the inward and spiritual grace of Baptism is God’s saving work in us—uniting us to His Son, washing away our sins, raising us to new life, and placing us within His covenant people.

Early Church Fathers On Catechism Question

St. Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 313–386 AD): “The water cleanses the body, but the Spirit seals the soul. Through Baptism you are buried and raised with Christ—made new, holy, and a child of God.” — Catechetical Lectures, 3.4

St. Augustine of Hippo (354–430 AD): “Baptism is the visible Word. In it, the old man is crucified, the new man is born, and the soul is filled with the Holy Spirit.” — Sermon 229

St. Irenaeus of Lyons (c. 130–202 AD): “By Baptism we receive adoption, remission of sins, and the gift of the Spirit. Without it, no one can enter into the life of God.” — Against Heresies, III.17.1

St. Justin Martyr (c. 100–165 AD): “Those who believe are brought to water and reborn in the name of God. In this washing they are enlightened, forgiven, and made alive in Christ.” — First Apology, 61

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