An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

Question 105: Why is the Church called catholic?

Question 105: Why is the Church called catholic?

The Church is called catholic because it is the universal body of Christ, encompassing all true believers in every time and place. It teaches the whole faith, ministers the whole Gospel, and is sent to all peoples. Its unity is rooted in Christ, its message is consistent with the apostles, and its reach extends to the ends of the earth. (Matthew 28:19–20, Ephesians 4:4–6, Revelation 7:9, 1 Timothy 3:15, Colossians 1:5–6)

Full Scripture References​

“Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey all that I have commanded you.” — Matthew 28:19–20 (BSB)

“There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were called to one hope when you were called; one Lord, one faith, one baptism; one God and Father of all…” — Ephesians 4:4–6 (BSB)

“After this I looked and saw a multitude too large to count, from every nation and tribe and people and tongue, standing before the throne and before the Lamb.” — Revelation 7:9 (BSB)

“…the church of the living God, the pillar and foundation of the truth.” — 1 Timothy 3:15 (BSB)

“…the Gospel that has come to you. All over the world this Gospel is bearing fruit and growing…” — Colossians 1:5–6 (BSB)

Expanded Explanation of Catechism Question

The word “catholic” means “universal”. The Church is called catholic because it is not limited by geography, language, ethnicity, or time. It includes all who are united to Jesus Christ through faith, wherever and whenever they live. The catholic Church holds to the whole faith, teaches the whole Gospel, and is commissioned to the whole world.

The Nicene Creed confesses belief in “one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church.” This does not mean Roman Catholic, but the universal Church built on the apostolic foundation and joined together in Christ.

Article XIX of the Thirty-Nine Articles affirms: “The visible Church of Christ is a congregation of faithful men… in all places.”

Bishop J.C. Ryle wrote: “The Church is called catholic because it is not the Church of any one people or nation, but the Church of all who believe in Christ, in every age and place.”

Canon Dr. Ephraim Radner explains: “The catholicity of the Church is not organizational but spiritual—it is grounded in the one Gospel of Jesus Christ that binds believers across the centuries into one communion.”

Archbishop Stephen Kaziimba (Uganda) states: “The Church is catholic because Christ died for all. No people, language, or land is excluded from the call to repent and believe.”

Rev. Dr. Gerald Bray notes: “To be catholic is to be part of something far bigger than ourselves—united with saints in heaven, believers across the globe, and witnesses across history.”

This catholicity is expressed in: Unity of faith: rooted in the Scriptures and apostolic teaching. Sacramental life: shared participation in baptism and Eucharist. Global mission: reaching every nation with the Gospel. Historical continuity: one Church through time, not a new invention.

The Church’s catholicity reminds us that we belong not just to a local congregation or national body, but to a global and eternal family—the one Body of Christ.

Early Church Fathers On Catechism Question

St. Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 313–386 AD): “The Church is called catholic because it is spread throughout the whole world, teaches the whole faith, and brings all people to holiness through every kind of virtue.” — Catechetical Lectures, 18.23

St. Ignatius of Antioch (c. 35–107 AD): “Wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the catholic Church.” — Letter to the Smyrnaeans, 8.2

St. Augustine of Hippo (354–430 AD): “The Church is truly catholic because she is spread throughout the world and endures through the succession of bishops, the unity of doctrine, and the fellowship of the sacraments.” — Sermon 214

St. Irenaeus of Lyons (c. 130–202 AD): “The Church, though scattered throughout the whole world, carefully preserves the same faith, as if she dwelt in one house… having one soul, and one heart.” — Against Heresies, I.10.2

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