An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

Question 103: What is the Church?

Question 103: What is the Church?

The Church is the Body of Christ, the community of all faithful believers on earth and in heaven, called and set apart by God through the Gospel. It is one, holy, catholic, and apostolic—founded by Christ, indwelt by the Holy Spirit, and sent into the world to worship God, proclaim the Gospel, administer the sacraments, and make disciples. (Ephesians 1:22–23, Matthew 16:18, 1 Peter 2:9–10, Acts 2:42, 1 Corinthians 12:12–13)

Full Scripture References​

“And God placed all things under His feet and appointed Him to be head over everything for the church, which is His body, the fullness of Him who fills all in all.” — Ephesians 1:22–23 (BSB)

“And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.” — Matthew 16:18 (BSB)

“But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession, to proclaim the excellencies of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvelous light.” — 1 Peter 2:9 (BSB)

“They devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching and to fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer.” — Acts 2:42 (BSB)

“For just as the body is one and has many parts, and all the parts of the body, though many, are one body, so also is Christ. For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body.” — 1 Corinthians 12:12–13 (BSB)

Expanded Explanation of Catechism Question

The Church is not simply a human organization or religious institution—it is the living Body of Christ (Ephesians 1:22–23), composed of all who truly believe in Jesus, both the Church militant (on earth) and the Church triumphant (in heaven). It is the community of the new covenant, called out of darkness into light, and gathered by Word and sacrament to worship the Lord and extend His kingdom.

The Nicene Creed calls the Church “one, holy, catholic, and apostolic”: One: united in Christ through one faith and baptism. Holy: set apart and sanctified by the Spirit. Catholic: universal, for all peoples and all times. Apostolic: founded on the teaching of the apostles and guided by their witness.

Article XIX of the Thirty-Nine Articles defines the Church as: “A congregation of faithful men, in which the pure Word of God is preached, and the Sacraments be duly ministered…”

The Church is not perfect, but she is Christ’s bride—being made ready for His return (Ephesians 5:27). She is the place where God’s people hear His Word, receive His grace, grow in fellowship, and are sent out in mission. The local church reflects the universal Church and is central to the life of every believer.

Bishop J.C. Ryle wrote: “The Church is not a building of stone and wood, but of living souls. It is built upon the foundation of Christ, and nothing shall overthrow it.”

Rev. Dr. Gerald Bray (Anglican theologian, Church of England) writes: “The Church is not optional—it is the context in which Christians are nourished, equipped, and sent. To belong to Christ is to belong to His Church.”

Canon Dr. John Yates III (ACNA) teaches: “The Church is where Christ’s life is shared, His Word proclaimed, and His Spirit encountered. She is flawed, yet beloved—both local and global, visible and invisible.”

Archbishop Jackson Ole Sapit (Kenya) emphasizes: “The Church is the light of Christ in the world, the community of hope in a broken world. In her worship and witness, Christ is made known.”

Thus, the Church is both a spiritual reality and a visible fellowship, a divine calling and a human responsibility. It is the family of God on earth, entrusted with the Gospel, shaped by Scripture and sacrament, and destined for glory.

Early Church Fathers On Catechism Question

St. Irenaeus of Lyons (c. 130–202 AD): “Wherever the Spirit of God is, there is the Church, and every truth. The Church is the pillar and ground of the truth.” — Against Heresies, III.24.1

St. Cyprian of Carthage (c. 200–258 AD): “He cannot have God for his Father who does not have the Church for his mother.” — On the Unity of the Church, 6

St. Augustine of Hippo (354–430 AD): “The Church is the body of Christ, enlivened by the Holy Spirit. Her unity is grounded in love, her mission is the glory of God.” — On the Psalms, 103

St. Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 313–386 AD): “The Church is called catholic because it is spread throughout the whole world, teaches the fullness of faith, and offers salvation to all.” — Catechetical Lectures, 18.23

An Anglican Catechism (Expanded Version)

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